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А According to the United States (U.S.) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 80 million American adults are chronically sleep deprived, meaning they sleep less than the recommended minimum of seven hours a night. The resulting fatigue contributes to more than a million auto accidents each year, as well as to a significant number of medical errors. Even small adjustments in sleep can be problematic. The Monday after a daylight-savings time change in the U.S. – when the clocks are moved ahead one hour – there is a 24 percent increase in heart attacks and a jump in fatal car crashes, compared with other Mondays.
B During their lifetimes, about a third of Americans will suffer from at least one of the recognized sleep disorders. They range from common sleep disorders to much rarer and stranger conditions such as sleep apnea and restless leg syndrome. For example, in exploding head syndrome, booming noises seem to reverberate in your brain as you try to sleep. Also, people with Kleine-Levin syndrome will, every few years, sleep nearly nonstop for a week or two. However, insomnia is by far the most prevalent of these problems and the main reason 4 percent of U.S. adults take sleeping pills in any given month.
C Evolution endowed us with sleep that is flexible in its timing and easily disturbed, so that attention can be directed to higher priorities. The brain has an automatic override system that can wake us in all stages of sleep when it perceives an emergency like the cry of a child. But the problem is that, in the modern world, our ancient innate wake-up call is constantly triggered by something that is non-life threatening, like worrying before an exam or the unexpected sound of a car alarm. Before the industrial revolution, which brought us alarm clocks and fixed work schedules, we could often counteract a sleep deficit by simply sleeping in. That is no longer possible.
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